If We Want Entrepreneurs We Need to Provide the Right Environment

This paper takes the notion that entrepreneurs are good for economies and outlines what countries can do to encourage entrepreneurship. It suggests that citizen rights and freedom are directly related with entrepreneurial activity. Illegal entrepreneurial activity is mentioned as an outlet in repressive localities. It lists areas of the world where freedom exists and where it does not. Historical, current and country examples are given to illustrate these suppositions and the paper concludes with the role of entrepreneurship in world agribusiness.Entrepreneurs, country freedom index, innovation, ownership, agribusiness, product, Agribusiness,

Selecting Profitable Enterprises or Selling the Farm

Farm Management,

Free Cash Flow Is At Least as Important as Profit in Assessing a Farm Firm

This paper suggests that most small agribusinesses can use a short cut to see how their firms are doing financially. The short cut requires that they calculate and follow (1) profit and (2) free cash flow. Both are defined and clarified. The reason for this short cut is that most small firm owners do not do enough financial analysis and that this simple and quick study may encourage them. The paper does not encourage the substitution of these two numbers for a proper analysis. They are useful but more of a bait to land the full course.Financial analysis, small agribusiness firms, profit, free cash flow, allocation, income statement, Agricultural Finance,

Toward detailed prominence seismology - I. Computing accurate 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic equilibria

Context. Prominence seismology exploits our knowledge of the linear eigenoscillations for representative magnetohydro- dynamic models of filaments. To date, highly idealized models for prominences have been used, especially with respect to the overall magnetic configurations. Aims. We initiate a more systematic survey of filament wave modes, where we consider full multi-dimensional models with twisted magnetic fields representative of the surrounding magnetic flux rope. This requires the ability to compute accurate 2.5 dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria that balance Lorentz forces, gravity, and pressure gradients, while containing density enhancements (static or in motion). Methods. The governing extended Grad-Shafranov equation is discussed, along with an analytic prediction for circular flux ropes for the Shafranov shift of the central magnetic axis due to gravity. Numerical equilibria are computed with a finite element-based code, demonstrating fourth order accuracy on an explicitly known, non-trivial test case. Results. The code is then used to construct more realistic prominence equilibria, for all three possible choices of a free flux-function. We quantify the influence of gravity, and generate cool condensations in hot cavities, as well as multi- layered prominences. Conclusions. The internal flux rope equilibria computed here have the prerequisite numerical accuracy to allow a yet more advanced analysis of the complete spectrum of linear magnetohydrodynamic perturbations, as will be demonstrated in the companion paper.Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, 15 pages, 15 figure

The salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome : pathogenetic aspects of the initiation of sialoadenitis

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disorder with autoimmune etiology, affecting primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands. In these glands. focallymphocytic infiltrates develop. This is accompanied by decreased production of saliva and tears. resulting in patients complaining of dry eyes and a dry mouth. First reports in which the combination of a dr

Convective magneto-rotational instabilities in accretion disks

We present a study of instabilities occuring in thick magnetized accretion disks. We calculate the growth rates of these instabilities and characterise precisely the contribution of the magneto-rotational and the convective mechanism. All our calculations are performed in radially stratified disks in the cylindrical limit. The numerical calculations are performed using the appropriate local dispersion equation solver discussed in Blokland et al. (2005). A comparison with recent results by Narayan et al. (2002) shows excellent agreement with their approximate growth rates only if the disks are weakly magnetized. However, for disks close to equipartition, the dispersion equation from Narayan et al. (2002) loses its validity. Our calculations allow for a quantitative determination of the increase of the growth rate due to the magneto-rotational mechanism. We find that the increase of the growth rate for long wavelength convective modes caused by this mechanism is almost neglible. On the other hand, the growth rate of short wavelength instabilities can be significantly increased by this mechanism, reaching values up to 60%.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

HOE REKENT HET LEI....? Berekende rente.

Bij het bepalen van het bedrijfseconomisch resultaat van bedrijven spelen kosten voor de inzet van eigen arbeid en kapitaal een rol. Deze zogenaamde 'berekende kosten' worden vastgesteld via afgesproken uitgangspunten. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de kosten voor vermogen: de berekende rente

Toward detailed prominence seismology - II. Charting the continuous magnetohydrodynamic spectrum

Starting from accurate MHD flux rope equilibria containing prominence condensations, we initiate a systematic survey of their linear eigenoscillations. To quantify the full spectrum of linear MHD eigenmodes, we require knowledge of all flux-surface localized modes, charting out the continuous parts of the MHD spectrum. We combine analytical and numerical findings for the continuous spectrum for realistic prominence configurations. The equations governing all eigenmodes for translationally symmetric, gravitating equilibria containing an axial shear flow, are analyzed, along with their flux-surface localized limit. The analysis is valid for general 2.5D equilibria, where either density, entropy, or temperature vary from one flux surface to another. We analyze the mode couplings caused by the poloidal variation in the flux rope equilibria, by performing a small gravity parameter expansion. We contrast the analytical results with continuous spectra obtained numerically. For equilibria where the density is a flux function, we show that continuum modes can be overstable, and we present the stability criterion for these convective continuum instabilities. Furthermore, for all equilibria, a four-mode coupling scheme between an Alfvenic mode of poloidal mode number m and three neighboring (m-1, m, m+1) slow modes is identified, occurring in the vicinity of rational flux surfaces. For realistically prominence equilibria, this coupling is shown to play an important role, from weak to stronger gravity parameter g values. The analytic predictions for small g are compared with numerical spectra, and progressive deviations for larger g are identified. The unstable continuum modes could be relevant for short-lived prominence configurations. The gaps created by poloidal mode coupling in the continuous spectrum need further analysis, as they form preferred frequency ranges for global eigenoscillations.Comment: Accepted by Astronmy & Astrophysics, 21 pages, 15 figure

Partial 3D Object Retrieval using Local Binary QUICCI Descriptors and Dissimilarity Tree Indexing

A complete pipeline is presented for accurate and efficient partial 3D object retrieval based on Quick Intersection Count Change Image (QUICCI) binary local descriptors and a novel indexing tree. It is shown how a modification to the QUICCI query descriptor makes it ideal for partial retrieval. An indexing structure called Dissimilarity Tree is proposed which can significantly accelerate searching the large space of local descriptors; this is applicable to QUICCI and other binary descriptors. The index exploits the distribution of bits within descriptors for efficient retrieval. The retrieval pipeline is tested on the artificial part of SHREC'16 dataset with near-ideal retrieval results.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, to be published in Computers & Graphic